![]() Traditional semen analysis does not test for sperm function and, as such, cannot report on the ability of sperm in that semen sample to fertilize (Lamb, 2010 Wang & Swerdloff, 2014). Most infertile men are instead believed to have defects in sperm function, which are only diagnosed by repeated failed cycles of intrauterine insemination (Aboulghar et al., 2001 Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, 2006 Tournaye, 2012). Standard semen analysis-assessing sperm count, motility, and morphology-diagnoses less than 50% of all male infertility. In addition to its clinical utility as a diagnostic tool, this test of sperm function can reveal the impact of common practices of semen handling on the ability of sperm to respond to capacitation stimuli.Ĭurrent literature estimates the number of infertile couples to be 73 million globally, with over 40% attributed to a male factor (Kumar & Singh, 2015). Together, these data validate the Cap‐Score assay for the intended purpose of providing information on sperm capacitation and male fertility. However, liquefaction with chymotrypsin ( p = 0.002) and bromelain ( p = 0.049) reduced response to capacitating stimuli and induced membrane damage, while counterintuitively improving sperm motility. Semen liquefaction times ≤2 hr and mechanical liquefaction with Pasteur or wide‐orifice transfer pipettes did not alter Cap‐Score values. Two trained readers randomly resampled each image 20 times, reporting an average standard deviation of 3 Cap‐Score units and coefficient of variation of 13% when rescoring samples, with no difference between readers. Variance within and between readers was evaluated using 20 stitched image files generated from unique ejaculates. Changes of 11%, 6%, and 5% were observed ( n ≥ 23) therefore, we counted ≥150 sperm per condition. Precision was evaluated by percent change of the Cap‐Score measured for 50, 100, 150, and 200 sperm. Sperm with “capacitated” patterns had exposed acrosomal carbohydrates and underwent acrosome exocytosis in response to calcium ionophore (A23187). First, we defined patterns representing sperm that do or do not respond to stimuli for capacitation. Here we validated that monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (G M1) localization patterns, which were assessed in the Cap‐Score™ Sperm Function Test, reflect a capacitated state in human sperm. magna.Sperm must undergo capacitation to become fertilization competent. Ces résultats indiquent que les deux espèces indigènes de zooplancton des lacs patagoniens chiliens sont plus sensibles au pesticide carbendazime que l'espèce standard D. pulex avait une LC₅₀ à 48 hrs de 26,1 μg/l, et D. diabolicus avait une LC₅₀ à 48 heures de 28,1 μg/1, alors que D. magna Straus, 1820, utilisée couramment, ont aussi été utilisées. Parallèlement, des données bibliographiques sur l'espèce D. Les spécimens proviennent du lac Calafquén (sud du Chili) et ont été soumis à des essais biologiques en laboratoire pendant 48 heures à sept concentrations de carbendazime (0-77,70 μg/1), les essais biologiques ont été effectués sur des spécimens adultes. Le but de cette étude a été de tester la sensibilité de deux espèces communes de zooplancton, Daphnia pulex Ley dig, 1860 et Tumeodiaptomus diabolicus (Brehm, 1935) au fongicide carbendazime. ![]() Au Chili, on observe une utilisation accrue de fongicides, en particulier dans le centre et le sud du pays. These results indicate that the two native Zooplankton species of Chilean Patagonian lakes are considerably more sensitive to the pesticide carbendazim, than the species D. pulex had a 48-h LC₅₀ of 26.1 μg/1, and finally D. diabolicus had a 48-h LC₅₀ of 28.1 μg/1, while D. In parallel, also literature information on the commonly used D. The specimens came from Lake Calafquén (southern Chile), and were subjected to bioassay experiments under laboratory conditions over 48 h to seven carbendazim concentrations (0-77.70 μg/1) these bioassays were performed using adult specimens. The aim of this study was to test the sensitivity of two common Zooplankton species, Daphnia pulex Ley dig, 1860 and Tumeodiaptomus diabolicus (Brehm, 1935) to the fungicide carbendazim. In Chile there is an increased use of fungicides, especially in the central and southern parts of the country. ![]()
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